Inquizitive Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Through such methods, the Spaniards came to accumulate a massive force of thousands, perhaps tens of thousands of indigenous warriors. [156], For the conquest of Mexico, a 2019 eight-episode Mexican TV miniseries Hernn depicts the conquest of Mexico. The crown asserted is authority and sovereignty of the territory and vassals it claimed, collected taxes, maintained public order, meted out justice, and established policies for governance of large indigenous populations. Francisco de Ibarra led an expedition from Zacatecas in northern New Spain, and founded Durango. Since in central and southern Mexico (Mesoamerica) and the highland Andes indigenous peoples had existing traditions of payment of tribute and required labor service, the Spanish could tap into these systems to extract wealth. Far more famous now is Lope de Aguirre, who led a mutiny against Ursa, who was murdered. Image credit: Map of de Coronado's route through Mexico and the Southwest of the modern United States. The Conquest of Michoacn: The Spanish Domination of the Tarascan Kingdom in Western Mexico, 15211530. [119] Their functions were governing the respective municipalities, administering of justice and being appellate judges in the alcaldes menores' judgments,[120] but only the corregidor could preside over the cabildo. Cook, Noble David. Columbuss colonization of the Atlantic islands inaugurated an era of aggressive Spanish expansion across the Atlantic. I: Crowds and social movements have lasting and more significant effects and last for a longer period of time than fads and fashions. The Proclamation Line of 1763 was drawn by the British along the Appalachian Mountains. As the colonial economy became more diversified and less dependent on these mechanisms for the accumulation of wealth, the indigenous noblemen became less important for the economy. In the European race to colonial dominance, the Treaty of Tordesillas legitimized Spains holdings in the New World, indicating Spanish primacy over Portugal. It became the second-most valuable export from Spanish America after silver.[149]. They pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created the initial stage of a single Spanish monarchy, completed under the eighteenth-century Bourbon monarchs. Timeline of the European colonization of North America Many institutions established in Castile found expression in The Indies from the early colonial period. apush mcq 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Princeton University Press, 1984. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMecham1966 (, Burkholder, Mark A. 4, p. 204. [55][56] Arguably the most significant introduction was diseases brought to the Americas, which devastated indigenous populations in a series of epidemics. - New Mexico is established as a Spanish Colony.-Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Len explored Florida. Chapter 4 Inquizitive- Hist 11 Flashcards | Quizlet Spanish explorers with hopes of conquest in the New World were known as conquistadores. The image of mounted Araucanians capturing and carrying off white women was the embodiment of Spanish ideas of civilization and barbarism. Direct link to Bailey's post So did the Caste System d, Posted 5 years ago. 2, p. 99. [154][155] A 1995 Bolivian-made film is in some ways similar to Even the Rain is To Hear the Birds Singing, with a modern film crew going to an indigenous settlement to shoot a film about the Spanish conquest and end up replicating aspects of the conquest. In Peru, the attempt of the newly appointed viceroy, Blasco Nez Vela, to implement the New Laws so soon after the conquest sparked a revolt by conquerors against the viceroy and the viceroy was killed in 1546. 1992. Direct link to David Alexander's post The Spanish moved into th, Posted 3 months ago. Later conquests in Mexico were protracted campaigns with less immediate results than the conquest of the Aztec Empire. Mining regions in both Mexico were remote, outside the zone of indigenous settlement in central and southern Mexico Mesoamerica, but mines in Zacatecas (founded 1548) and Guanajuato (founded 1548) were key hubs in the colonial economy. 1496: Santo Domingo, the first European permanent settlement, is built. Expeditions continued to explore territories in hopes of finding another Aztec or Inca empire, with no further success. The Spanish became wealthy from mining large amounts of gold C. The Spanish became wealthy from fur trapping D. Spanish colonies were largely established as havens from . In the eighteenth-century reforms, the Viceroyalty of Peru was reorganized, splitting off portions to form the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Colombia) (1739) and the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (Argentina) (1776), leaving Peru with jurisdiction over Peru, Charcas, and Chile. For all practical purposes, this was slavery. Why did the Spanish choose to enslave native people? 1500-1533) fill up a large room once with gold and twice with silver in exchange for his freedom. Best was gold, but silver was found in abundance. Corts's seeking indigenous allies was a typical tactic of warfare: divide and conquer. Spanish colonial missions in North America are significant because so many were established and they had lasting effects on the cultural landscape. In the fall of 1528, Spanish explorer lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca landed on present day Follet's Island, Texas. The second factor was the disease. By contrast, the indigenous population plummeted by an estimated 80% in the first century and a half following Columbus's voyages, primarily through the spread of infectious diseases. ", Weber, David J. But in 1493, Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI issued two papal decrees giving legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims over the claims of Portugal. Mercury is a neurotoxin, which damaged and killed human and mules coming into contact with it. Gold and silver began to connect European nations through trade, and the Spanish money supply ballooned, which signified the beginning of the economic system known as, Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. Direct link to Jude's post I believe the caste syste, Posted 5 years ago. There were few permanent settlements, but Spaniards settled the coastal islands of Cubagua and Margarita to exploit the pearl beds. He also had to attract participants to the expedition who staked their own lives and meager fortunes on the expectation of the expedition's success. The Spanish dreamed of mountains of gold and silver and imagined converting thousands . In 1898, the United States achieved victory in the SpanishAmerican War with Spain, ending the Spanish colonial era. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable native peoples, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. [10] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify the locations where slaves were most frequently sent after being transported to the New World on the Middle Passage., Identify the issue that was not a point of contention between colonial assemblies and their respective royal governors., On the table below, click or tap to identify the first colony to have a black . When the Catholic Monarchs gave official approval for the plans for Columbus's voyage to reach "the Indies" by sailing West, the funding came from the queen of Castile. The Spanish took advantage of a recent civil war between the factions of the two brothers Emperor Atahualpa and Huscar, and the enmity of indigenous nations the Incas had subjugated, such as the Huancas, Chachapoyas, and Caaris. [114] In areas of previous indigenous empires with settled populations, the crown also melded existing indigenous rule into a Spanish pattern, with the establishment of cabildos and the participation of indigenous elites as officials holding Spanish titles. Hispanic Research Journal 13, no. Important indigenous crops that transformed Europe were the potato and maize, which produced abundant crops that led to the expansion of populations in Europe. [29], Between 1537 and 1543, six[citation needed] Spanish expeditions entered highland Colombia, conquered the Muisca Confederation, and set up the New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Nuevo Reino de Granada). This resulted in a strengthening of the ---4--- cause at the expensive of --5--, Identify the cities in the modern United States that were . In 2000, Pope John Paul II apologized for errors committed by the Catholic Church, including forced conversion. In Peru, silver was found in a single silver mountain, the Cerro Rico de Potos, still producing silver in the 21st century. The Spanish conquest of Yucatn, the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the conquest of the Purpecha of Michoacan, the war of Mexico's west, and the Chichimeca War in northern Mexico expanded Spanish control over territory and indigenous populations stretching thousands of miles. Direct link to Batuhan #BringBackBackgrounds's post The monarchy took most of, Posted 2 years ago. "Not a Man of Contradiction: Zumrraga as Protector and Inquisitor of the Indigenous People of Central Mexico." [90] A similar legal apparatus was set up in Lima.[91]. Viceroys were responsible for good governance of their territories, economic development, and humane treatment of the indigenous populations.[107]. From decades of research, he made estimates for the pre-contact population and the history of demographic decline during the Spanish and post-Spanish periods. Bartolome de Las Casas | Biography, Books, Quotes, Significance Warren, J. [151] Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) has Georges Corroface as Columbus with Marlon Brando as Toms de Torquemada and Tom Selleck as King Ferdinand and Rachel Ward as Queen Isabela. Select the correct answer. Equally important, rich deposits of the valuable metal silver. [83] These elites played an intermediary role between the Spanish rulers and indigenous commoners. The utter devastation caused by the white man was literally incredible, and not until the population figures are examined does the extent of the havoc become evident. Patterns of the first Spanish settlements in the Caribbean were to endure there and had a lasting impact on the Spanish Empire. [7] Expeditions required authorization by the crown, which laid out the terms of such expedition. Where the Spaniards had exclusive access to horses in warfare, they had an advantage over indigenous warriors on foot. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. 1494: Columbus arrives in Jamaica. [100], In 2000, Pope John Paul II apologized for the wrongs done by the Catholic Church, including those to indigenous peoples. [137][138][139], The largest population in Spanish America was and remained indigenous, what Spaniards called "Indians" (indios), a category that did not exist before the arrival of the Europeans. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the vast territory. Borah, Woodrow. Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it was a moral and theological debate about the colonization of the Americas, its justification for the conversion to Catholicism and more specifically about the relations between the European settlers and the natives of the New World. Inquisitional powers were initially vested in bishops, who could root out idolatry and heresy. [58] In southern Chile and the pampas, the Araucanians (Mapuche) prevented further Spanish expansion. The Spanish conquistadores and colonial empire - Khan Academy A mixed-race casta population came into being during the colonial era. History of Latin America | Meaning, Countries, Map, & Facts Direct link to David Alexander's post Leaving native people alo, Posted 5 years ago. Although today Buenos Aires at the mouth of Ro de la Plata is a major metropolis, it held no interest for Spaniards and the 1535-36 settlement failed and was abandoned by 1541. The capital Lima was built near the Pacific coast. [citation needed] The overwhelming cause of the decline in both Mexico and Peru was infectious diseases, such as smallpox and measles,[136] although the brutality of the Encomienda also played a significant part in the population decline. As many as 60 salaried soldiers were garrisoned in presidios. [59], The Spanish brought new crops for cultivation. Posted 4 years ago. Potos (founded 1545) was in the zone of dense indigenous settlement, so that labor could be mobilized on traditional patterns to extract the ore. An important element for productive mining was mercury for processing high-grade ore. Peru had a source in Huancavelica (founded 1572), while Mexico had to rely on mercury imported from Spain. The first two were in the Alto Per, present-day Bolivia, at Charcas (present day Sucre, 25 May), and La Paz (16 July); and the third in present-day Ecuador at Quito (10 August). providing opportunities for colonists to participate in government. The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from the Queen Isabella I of Castile. Until his dying day, Columbus was convinced that he had reached Asia, the Indies. [60] The crown sought to establish and maintain control over its overseas possessions through a complex, hierarchical bureaucracy, which in many ways was decentralized. He then founded the settlement of La Isabela on the island they named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Question. The first expansion of territory was the conquest of the Muslim Emirate of Granada on 1 January 1492, the culmination of the Christian Reconquest of the Iberian peninsula, held by the Muslims since 711. These began a movement for colonial independence that spread to Spain's other colonies in the Americas. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An unintended but very real consequence of the Great Awakening was that it reduced colonial impulses toward democracy in civic life, Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the political dynamic in the colonies, Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the slave economies of colonial North America and more. Zumrraga was reprimanded for his actions as exceeding his authority. [46] In 1561, Pedro de Ursa led an expedition of some 370 Spanish (including women and children) into Amazonia to search for El Dorado. In Mexico, Hernn Corts and the men of his expedition founded of the port town of Veracruz in 1519 and constituted themselves as the town councilors, as a means to throw off the authority of the governor of Cuba, who did not authorize an expedition of conquest. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture Tenochtitln. Spaniards continued to expand their presence in the circum-Caribbean region with expeditions. Depending on the conditions in a jurisdiction, the position of factor/veedor was often eliminated, as well. In August 1521, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it, Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called. Ordo Ab Chao (Quizzaciously Sesquipedalianized Eleemosynary), The Aztecs witnessed the smallpox epidemic's destruction personally, and this was described in the Florentine Codex. Alcaldas mayores were larger districts with a royal appointee, the Alcalde mayor. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions (entradas) of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy. In the twentieth century, there have been a number of films depicting the life of Christopher Columbus. Collier, Simon. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. To satisfy his debts to the Welsers, he granted them the right to colonize and exploit western Venezuela, with the proviso that they found two towns with 300 settlers each and construct fortifications. The Spanish founded towns in the Caribbean, on Hispaniola and Cuba, on a pattern that became spatially similar throughout Spanish America. [104] With the 1508 papal grant to the crown of the Patronato real, the crown, rather than the pope, exercised absolute power over the Catholic Church in the Americas and the Philippines, a privilege the crown zealously guarded against erosion or incursion. The establishment of large, permanent Spanish settlements attracted a whole range of new residents, who set up shop as carpenters, bakers, tailors and other artisan activities. Expeditions continued into the 1540s and regional capitals founded by the 1550s. A checkerboard pattern radiated outward. The colonies grew both geographically along the Atlantic coast and westward and numerically to 13 from the time of their founding to the American Revolution (1775-81). Why can't they treat the native people with respect? Smaller islands claimed by Spain were lost to the English and the Dutch, with France taking half of Hispaniola and establishing the sugar-producing colony of St-Domingue, as well as also taking other islands. [102], In 1524 the Council of the Indies was established, following the system of system of Councils that advised the monarch and made decisions on his behalf about specific matters of government.
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