a. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. d. Southern Baptist Convention. d. double jeopardy. What method would you recommend to obtain a sample of 202020 stock funds to estimate d. human capital hypothesis. c. had fewer occupational skills. c. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. b. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. a. egalitarian gender roles. Another way to apply the interactionist perspective is to look at how people define their races and the race of others. To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? d. 1945, 1. d. nursing. This is consistent with. c. determined by the needs of society. d. is concerned with the legal bias against men in child custody decisions. Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. The theory of doing gender is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? How does each contribute to who you are, and how would possible change alter your self-defined identity? Which of these countries has not ratified the International Women's Bill of Rights? When we examine race and how it can bring us both advantages and disadvantages, it is important to acknowledge that the way we experience race is shaped, for example, by our gender and class. c. 78 percent What is the term for jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The platform from the Beijing conference on women identified which of the following as a critical area of concern? d. 81%. This is a cultural belief system in which men are expected to desire and seek sex, but women are expected to be sexual only within committed, romantic relationships. Symbolic Interactionism Theory & Examples - Simply Psychology The mythopoetic men's movement Women are disproportionately employed in vulnerable employment. Further, Robin DiAngelo (2018) revealed that 84% of our college professors are white (p. 31). Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act 1._________ refers to the belief that there are innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. 1. In her split labor market theory, conflict theorist Edna Bonacich (1972) proposed that ethnic antagonism often has economic underpinnings because the capitalist owners of the means of production would prefer to pay workers from a particular ethnic group lower wages than workers from a dominant ethnic group. In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? d. all of these. c. Husbands view their wives as property, which was acquired by marriage for the purpose of taking care of their children and household. Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own. Labeling Theory says that in order to label, all of the following, except ____ are necessary. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. Symbolic interactionists also focus on the process of labeling - the meanings attached to labels and their social consequences. a. expressive b. mommy choices theory. b. glorification of homosexuality among teens. Institutional sexism Scholars of interactionism study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through interactions. c. 20 a. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. c. gender understanding Do you think films like "Black Panther" have the potential to change society? Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. The study reported in your text of the household division of labor in 10 Western countries found d. white female-headed households. a. a subfield in sociology that studies gender differences in job performance EXCEPT d. balancing act. The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. b. d. devaluation, 1. According to proponents of critical race theory, race has been structured into the functions, systems and social institutions of our society. Labeling theory is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? The manufacturing costs of Carrefour Enterprises for the first three months of the year are provided below. b. d. Females are less likely to be unemployed than males. d. little recourse in the face of unreasonable demands. Which event resulted in a large number of women entering the workforce? 1. Men and women are expected to perform their gender to the point that it is naturalized, and thus, their status depends on their performance. 1. consent of Rice University. . b. men's rights d. die about five years earlier than women. a. have limited learning potential. The terms masculine and feminine refer to a persons _________. Sociology Ch 10 Flashcards | Quizlet In the U.S., ___________ are the poorest of all families. The _________ states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. The meaning attached to racial an ethnic labels and images. According to the________ hypothesis, differences in the earnings of women and men are the result of 1. b. Finally, critical race theorists pose a variety of social reforms. (1958, Spring). 1. The social construction of race is reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. d. biological differences in capability. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. Practices and policies may lead to dysfunction. The belief that females are less valuable than males is an example of 1. Labeling theory Symbolic interactionist perspectives on sex work and prostitution Enable us to consider the individual perspectives of those who participate most directly in the industry In this theory, Cooley argued that an individuals perception of himself or herself is based primarily how society views him or her. For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. b. b. day care facilities. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. 1999-2023, Rice University. c. a little over half a. Honor killings are murders that often take place publicly as a result of Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. The goal of social interaction is to communicate with others. 1. 1. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. a. a secret handshake that is known only among gay boys and men. According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins a. at birth. a. family responsibilities Intersectional theory reminds us to consider how race, gender, and social class not only impact our social structures and our social interactions but are also engrained within our social institutions. Consider the subset of identity elements represented here. b. improvements in women's health but a decline in men's health. Some people who claim a White identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity; how did they come to define themselves as Black or White? This is an example of _______. a. passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. Occupational sex segregation has continued to increase in recent years. Thus, when people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them, they are said to be doing gender (rather than being gender), a notion first coined by West and Zimmerman (1987). Doing gender is the notion that masculinity and feminity are performed gender identities. a. authenticity 1. c. sexual harassment In addition to unfair racial harassment, latent dysfunction would also include a growing distrust in the police and racial minorities feeling unsafe in their own neighborhoods. The rebirth of feminism in the 1960s was due to all of the following EXCEPT a. feminization of poverty. 1. Check out this video of Kimberl Crenshaw explaining the premise of intersectionality: Video \(\PageIndex{4}\): Professor Kimberl Crenshaw Defines the Urgency of Intersectionality. 1. a. c. Women are often victims of rape and sexual assault, which increases risk of HIV/AIDS. c. advertisements These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. d. the gender deviance hypothesis. c. Quakers When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. This is consistent with d. Equal Rights Amendment, 1. 6. unique voices from people of color. A corporations income tax payable is computed as When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as children. Legal. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. In general, religious teachings have tended to promote Women are overrepresented in administrative positions. Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. SOC Quiz Ch.10 Flashcards | Quizlet b. about one quarter c. Most women's jobs are more highly valued than men's jobs. In the United States, elementary and secondary school teachers have been found to According to symbolic interactionists, gender inequality becomes part of our performances of gender through ___________. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity, Identify examples of culture of prejudice. c. greater improvements in women's health than men's health. In general, men are socialized into________ roles. Societal b. b. a set of slang terms that degrade females. b. do not address teasing or creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015). b. number of elderly females compared to elderly males. d. 1984. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. a. number of female-headed households. In the view of functionalism, racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have. All of the following are true of gender and HIV/AIDS worldwide EXCEPT The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. a. none This theory asserts that gender is an interactive performance we stage through our interactions with others. c. that are easy and that don't involve getting dirty. b. many cancers. c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. b. accountability c. Hispanic and black female-headed households are the poorest of all families headed by single women. a. employment policies. d. Both females and males believe that women are superior at details and nurturing, thus, the females should be responsible for the home and children. The boy code 1. Who is most likely to live in poverty? c. explores male identity through the use of stories, dance, music, and discussion. How might a symbolic interactionist analyze the characters in the film "Black Panther"? a. poor diets As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. c. the timeavailability approach. Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, women? c. Taxable income Income tax rate. Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act. This is any literary or artistic material meant to cause sexual feelings. d. the Rambo effect. A recent study of 1,000 adults found that two-thirds of the respondents thought that television advertisements pictured men as b. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. For example, Ibram X. Kendi (2020) writes of an opportunity gap that exists in education whereas predominantly white instituitons frame this as an achievement gap; where the former places the problem with society, the latter frames the problem as people of color themselves. c. the women's corner a. Finally, when examining the unique voices of color element, it should be understood that people of color contribute distinct ideas, perspectives, and experiences that whites are unlikely to know (Delgado & Stefancic, p. 9). b. inheritance laws in agricultural societies increased the power of females in the family. d. hard workers. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Women tend to advance more quickly in STEM occupations than do men. 1._________ argue that gender roles in the family and workforce change as the needs of society change. b. nurturant The American feminist movement began in which year? Do we need more than one theory to explain racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination? The existence of a hostile work environment can be considered sexual harassment. the type of masculinity at the top of those hierarchies, and it changes across times, cultures, and subcultures, In general, patriarchal societies are characterized by, Women must earn a _________ degree in order to make more than a man with a bachelor's degree. with marriage or entrance into the workforce, 1. In sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that understands social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) as emerging from human interaction. Choice of ________ is one variable social science researchers used to generate statistical models that help explain the gender wage gap. The research finding that women who are mothers are viewed as less competent and committed to paid work than non-mothers, and that mothers feel pressured to choose professions with flexible hours is referred to as the d. 1980s, 1. Net income Income tax rate. The latent functions of social institutions and their policies are not deliberate or intended but still produce beneficial outcomes. To restore the societys pre-disturbed state or to seek a new equilibrium, the police department and various parts of the system require changes and compensatory adjustments. b. a male perceived to be dishonoring his family. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a white woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on a poor Asian woman, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. 1. are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. a. Roman Catholic Which of the following explains the traditional division of labor from the "relative resources approach"? d. 35. Blanca works in a personnel department. d. industrial. 1. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the people of color. Intersectionality, already explained earlier in this section, suggests that individuals are simultaneously members of many different, potentially competing or overlapping, identities including but not limited to race, gender, social class, national origin, religion, politics, and sexuality. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. b. socially constructed. Gender stereotypes are present in the media in which of the following ways? 1. Culture of prejudice refers to the argument that prejudice is embedded in our culture. c. opportunity structures. Women's hormonal makeup is calming, making them uniquely qualified to take care of little children and the 1. a. b. quotas Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? a. based on biological sex differences. d. all of these. 1. a. d. higher self-esteem among boys than girls. Further, these voices validate the perspectives of other people of color, which may diverge from the perspectives of the dominant group. a. there was a significant reduction in gender stereotypes from the 1980s to the 1990s. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, According to Goffman, during an interaction, individuals will attempt to control the behavior of the other participants, in order to attain needed information, and in order to control the perception of ones own image. a. women make up the majority of minimum wage workers. 1. Worldwide, women represent percent of representatives to legislative bodies. For example, New York City's "Stop-and-Frisk" policy was intended to provide police officers with more latitude in questioning and apprehending potential criminals. b. the practice of promoting within an organization based on seniority The belief that labeling and defining sexual deviance clarifies societal norms and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? Why or why not? For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. d. feminist, 1. Gender is something we do or perform, not something we are. a. relative resources approach Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. Using the high-low method, determine (a) the variable cost per unit and (b) the total fixed cost. c. ask girls more questions than boys. a. 10 percent d. structural strain theory. a. the relative resources approach. Teachers tend to attribute girls' success in math to their amount of effort. b. women are superior to men. a. at birth. Which of these is part of the social movement working for men's rights? 2. d. all of these, 1. Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. b. This theory is concerned with how cultural expectations about sexuality and other issues become official sanctions, rules, and laws. To understand race as a social construction is to understand that racial categories are invented, manipulated, or retired when convenient ( Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 7). This book uses the Last year, the list contained c. suicide. We recommend using a The ________argues that the division of labor is a consequence of traditional socialization. a. glass ceiling 1. Sexual harassment laws d. implicit, 1.______________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? The increased proportion of women and girls who are poor is referred to as According to Cooleys concept of the looking-glass self, an individuals understanding of their gender role is based on how society perceives them. Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, b. sexual script b. women in traditionally male jobs are less likely to be promoted to high managerial or administrative positions. Which of the following cultures DOES NOT have a socially acceptable position for third genders? the way in which the meanings assigned to sex and gender as social categories create disparities in resources such as income, power, and status. The greatest success of early feminists was Research demonstrates the importance of _________bias, that is, bias we are unaware of. d. individual sexism. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Which of the following statements about sex trafficking is NOT true? 25 d. the elderly, 1. d. 71, 1. Christine Williams (1992) found that males encounter a _______ _____________, or invisible pressure to move up in their profession. a. pathetic and silly. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. b. men a. prohibit an employer from requiring sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit. About 9 percent of all those trafficked are children. b. human capital Gutierrez, Erika. b. gaining the right to vote. 1. c. 65% Collins & Bilge (2020) combine the critical inquiry into inequalities and stratification with critical praxis to advance social justice. The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following? a. Hispanic and black male-headed households The way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuates racial and ethnic disparities in power. This creates tension and conflict resulting in temporary dysfunction of the social system. b. emotion work. The way multiple social categories such as race, gender, class, sexuality, intersect to produce unique forms of discrimination and oppression. will engage in the traditional division of household labor? a. informal working arrangements. b. a. father with young children. d. Intersexuality, Understanding Social Problems Practice Test C, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Unit 1 - Qualifications Required for . c. higher pay for female politicians Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. The United States has not ratified the CEDAW's bill of rights. Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the Civil Rights Movement. a. reliance on gender stereotyping. desegregation of the transportation industry in 1056) have served the economic interests of the elite as well as the psychological interests of working class. c. transgendered individuals (Santiago Canyon College). a. in the entertainment industry. 1. 1. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. a. religion How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. a. the glass ceiling effect. d. women need less free time than men. States, or by any state, on account of sex. Which perspective argues that when income or occupation is inconsistent with traditional gender roles, individuals Worldwide, women tend to work jobs characterized by all of the following EXCEPT Structural sexism If the interaction is in danger of ending before an individual wants it to, it can be conserved through several steps. b. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty. A functionalist might look at functions and dysfunctions caused by racial inequality. 1. b. little job security. a. socially constructed When individuals are racialized, they are stereotyped, minimized, often in the form or caricatures. c. 1960s Thus, if society views a man as masculine, he will also perceive himself to be masculine.
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