Station Code is PVI. About. WebArrival to PUTTALAM: 09:55:00: Departure Time: 09:56:00: Arrival to COLOMBO FORT : 14:24:00: End Station: COLOMBO FORT: Arrival to COLOMBO FORT : 14:24:00: Train Type: COLOMBO COMMUTER: Train Name: Train Number: 3817: Train Stop and last station: Mundal railway station (2015)Carlson et al. 1200 and the journey takes 4h 28m. Seeduwa railway station COLOMBO FORT to PUTTALAM : Sri Lanka Train/Railway Schedule Train Schedule - Train Time Table Colombo Fort to Galle; Bus Routes Sri Lanka; Sri Lankan FM Radio Stations Frequency List; Some details and images displayed here, were taken from other websites. WebSystem will display Train time table with following details Direct Trains ; Arrival time ; Departure time; Destination/ Time; End station/ Time; Frequency; Name; Type; Available Please provide start and end railway stations as mandatory details to search for train schedules. Periyanagavillu railway station Read more about Air Force Museum , Gangaramaya Temple was established by most venerable Hikkaduewe Sri Sumanga Thero, nearly a 120 years ago. WebDeparture : 09:35 am More.. # 2 Egoda Uyana Arrival : 09:41 am Departure : 09:42 am More.. # 3 Koralawella Arrival : 09:45 am Departure : 09:46 am More.. # 4 Moratuwa Arrival : 900 and the journey takes 1h 12m. WebFind Train/Railway schedule, railway ticket price and Railway station contact detail NEGOMBO to COLOMBO FORT PUTTALAM 2011 Sri Lanka Railways (SLR). Via Kalutara, Ambalangoda, Galle and Matara. 301, and the quickest route takes just 4h 17m. If we are violating any of your copyright claims, please let us know and we will remove them immediately. Distance from Fort station : 130.4 km Tickets cost Rs. Route No Departure Destination Service Type; 2 : Colombo Matara Normal: 002-001 : Get train time table and train route with train times on arrival, departure & halt timings. Select Your origin : WebColombo - Puttalam | 07:00 | Luxury Buses Departure at 07:45:00. Station Code is PVI, Train time Schedule at Palavi railway station Colombo to Puttalam - 4 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, Distance from Fort station : 65.1 km (2022). Annual Report|20231 3716 6. 28.%2020202560.0p.0.0%0.0 .00.0.0P.0.0%0.6%1.0%0.0%4.2%0.5%0.1%2.4%0.9%0.8%1.5%0.5%0.5%3.0%0.4%0.8%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.7%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.2%4.5%0.3%2.5%0.7%0.5%0.1%38 iGDP2020-2022151617 29.2020-2022%20202020202120212022202260.0p.0.0 .00.0P.0.0%0.0%iGDP 15 . 8%p.a.543210201110.41210.31310.71410.91511.11610.71711.11811.91911.92012.1202112.7White,non-Latino householdsLatino householdsExhibit 3The gap in Latino consumption based on their share of population has decreased in the past 5 years,but is still meaningful at$554 billion.The gap in Latino consumption based on their share of population has decreased in the past 5 years,but is still meaningful at$554 billion.Latino share of aggregate expenditure vs.share of population,iference between total aggregate household expenditure times Latino share of population,and current Latino aggregate expenditure.From Consumer Expenditure Survey.Source:US Census Bureau,Consumer Expenditure Surveys(https:/www.bls.gov/cex/)(2020)17.6.7 16-6.9 p.p.-6.9 p.p.12.7 2118.9%Share of populationShare of consumptionAggregate expenditure for US households in 2021 was$8.937BAggregate expenditure for Latino households in 2021 was$1.135BRepresenting agap in consumption,or 6.2pp diference with expected expenditure based on the Latino share of households$554Bcompared to$20,900.16 This is largely driven by higher spending on essentials,with half of Latino income,on average,going to food at home,housing,and healthcare.However,given that Latino households are larger than non-Latino White households(with an average of 3 people per household,compared to 2.3 for non-Latino Whites),the actual spend per consumer is slightly lower($7,100 for Latinos versus$9,087 for non-Latino White counterparts).1716 Ibid.17 Ibid.17The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveLatino consumer needs are not being metAcross all categories,Latinos are more dissatisfied with current offerings than their non-Latino White counterparts.18 Twenty-eight percent of Latinos report being unhappy with current product offerings,compared to 21 percent of non-Latino Whites.19 Dissatisfaction represents a missed opportunity for companiesLatino consumption could be significantly increased if their needs were met more effectively.In some instances,Latinos may have a need for products in particular categories but are not purchasing,while in other instances,Latinos are buying products in categories even though they are not satisfied with the product choice,quality,or price.Product penetration among Latinos can be low:a quarter of Latinos do not currently purchase in specific spending categories(such as makeup or full-service restaurants),despite being decision makers and having a need for the product,thus creating another significant opportunity for companies.Consumer dissatisfaction varies extensively among Latino subgroups,driven by differences in education,income,background,and gender.Latinos who are less educated are unhappier with products.Their dissatisfaction scores are 14 percentage points higher than the average Latino.Those who have not completed high school are three times more dissatisfied than non-Latino Whites at the same educational level.20 Latinos from lower-income backgrounds(less than$50,000 per year)have an average dissatisfaction nine percentage points higher than the average for Latinos,at 37 percent.And first-generation immigrants are seven percentage points more dissatisfied than average.Latina women are ten percentage points more dissatisfied than Latino men,similar to the 12 percentage point difference seen between White men and women.Latino dissatisfaction with current product offerings grew significantly between 2021 and 2022 across all categories,and they are consistently more dissatisfied than non-Latino Whites,even though non-Latino Whites are also more dissatisfied than previously.Beauty and personal care,18 Dissatisfaction is measured by rating satisfaction levels between one and six on a ten-point scale.19Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).20Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).A quarter of Latinos do not currently purchase in specific spending categories,despite being decision makers and having a need for the product,thus creating another significant opportunity for companies.18The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveentertainment,hospitality and travel,vehicle purchases,housing,banking and financial services,and healthcare are all categories with higher-than-average Latino dissatisfaction.Latinos are dissatisfied with current product offerings for several reasons,particularly price,lack of features,and lack of value for money.For both non-Latino Whites and Latinos,affordability and quality are the main decision drivers for purchases.High prices are linked to dissatisfaction across categories,and,given low disposable income(as discussed in the previous chapter),remain a critical consideration.A shortage of quality products and poor value for money also lead to dissatisfaction(Exhibit 4).And,while less important than price,customers are disappointed with companies that are not committed to addressing social inequities.Opportunities to address dissatisfaction:A win-win situationAddressing Latino consumers dissatisfaction could benefit both companies and consumers.Latino buyers would be willing to increase their consumption by up to 25 percent if products were more affordable,of a higher quality,and healthier;they expressed willingness to pay 28 percent more if the top reasons for dissatisfaction were addressed.Altogether,they would be willing to spend a total of$33 billion more per year across all categories if their needs were met (Exhibit 5).Even Latino consumers who are currently satisfied would be willing to pay more if product offerings were improved,with a total of$76 billion of revenue at stake.21 With$109 billion in current and potential spending at stake,companies that address dissatisfaction may benefit from additional market support.However,this is unlikely to be incremental,as much of this would be due to potential shifts in spending from one product or service to another.Exhibit 4Affordability and product quality are key drivers of dissatisfaction among Latinos.18%8%9%7%6%8%6%6%5%6%5%9%9%6%6%8%8%7%6%5%6%5%6%6%5%8%5%6%6%9%6%4%4%5%5%5 pp diferenceLatinoWhiteAfordability and product quality are key drivers of dissatisfaction among Latinos.Top reasons for Latino dissatisfaction across products and services,Each percentage is out of 100%,as question asks binary yes or no whether reason is tied to dissatisfaction.N/A if question was not asked regarding that category.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)AfordabilityQualityVarietyLack of commitment to social inequitiesConvenienceNot produced/ofered/owned by racial/ethnic groupTrusthworthinessFood and beverages at homeFood and bev away from homeBeauty and personal careBankingHousehold and cleaning21Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).19The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveExhibit 5Latino consumers would be willing to spend$33 billion more if reasons for dissatisfaction were addressed Latino consumers would be willing to spend$33 billion more if reasons for dissatisfaction were addressedShare of Latino respondents expressing dissatisfaction with current oferings in category,7293224283027322625252528327.4.1.1.8.9%9.5.5.8%8.0.3.3.8.4%9.1,85,13,83,72,62,01,31,10,60,60,60,50,4TBD33,11454334291721121084453TBD335Aggregate yearly spend for dissatisfed Latino households,$BAdditional WTP for better products Size of unmet demand,$billion1Average yearly spend per household from consumer expenditure survey,times 19.7M Latino consumer units,times share of households dissatisfed.2Expressed additional willigness to pay if reasons for dissatisfaction were adressed.Source:McKinsey consumer survey 2022(n=4,400)Hospitality and travelVehicle purchasesFood&beverages at homeFood&beverages away from home Apparel(incl.footwear)TelecomEntertainmentBeauty&personal care productsHousehold&cleaningConsumer electronicsEducationBanking&fnancial servicesTotalHealthcareHousingCategories with greatest dissatisfaction20The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveLatino consumption patterns:Strategic spenders,socially aware,and social media savvyThere is also a$554 billion gap in Latino consumption based on the discrepancy between their total expenditure as a share of overall US spending and their share of populationand closing this gap would require improving Latino income levels.This is in addition to the$109 billion of spending at stake that arises from Latino consumer needs going unmet,discussed above.Understanding how Latinos consume,and how their behavior differs from non-Latinos,will allow society to close this gap and realize the benefits.Latinos tend to be careful and strategic spenders,and,despite having a lower average income than non-Latino Whites,are discerning consumers with a high level of attention for sustainability considerations when making a purchase.22 They are,overall,conservative and conscious spenders.Latinos spend a greater proportion of their income on essentials compared to their non-Latino White counterparts(40 percent compared to 33 percent).Survey data shows they tend to be more price-conscious than the general US population,feel more financial pressure,and actively look for savings and deals.23 Almost half of Latinos are actively looking for ways to save money,above the national average of 44 percent.They are also more willing to switch to less-expensive products to save costs(34 percent compared to 27 percent of all consumers),and more than a third of Latinos actively research the best promotions when seeking to make purchases(35 percent compared to 29 percent of all consumers).Moreover,this price-conscious behavior supports the finding that Latinos in lower-income households(representing the majority)tend to spend less per person than their non-Latino White counterparts.As a result,Latinos,like non-Latino Whites,are increasingly looking for ways to save money.They pay similar attention to prices when shopping compared to non-Latino Whites(47 percent compared to 45 percent).Latinos may be willing to spend more on products they care about,while finding cheaper alternatives for those they are less invested in.But Latinos may also be under more pressure to save money because of their larger average household size,which necessitates greater spending on essentials.Latinos are comfortable shopping online and are engaged consumers.They are more conscious of sustainability considerations and are more likely to factor in such considerations when making purchases than the general population.24 Social issues and organic products are particularly important to them compared to the general population(a 12 and 14 percentage point difference respectively).In total,82 percent of Latinos report that they use omnichannel(online and in-store)and e-commerce platforms,compared to 80 percent of the overall population.25 Social media can be a powerful influence on consumer behavior and its effects are more pronounced in Latinos than in the overall US population.Latinos of all age groups are more likely to be influenced by social media when making a purchase,with 68 percent of them reporting that they are nudged toward certain brands by social media posts compared to 47 percent overall among US consumers.26 Correspondingly,Latinos have a higher average level of social media engagement than non-Latinos across all major social media platforms.For instance,89 percent of Latinos use YouTube at least weekly,compared to 75 percent overall.2722Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).23 Consumer sentiment survey,McKinsey,2021.24Consumer pulse survey:February 25 to March 1,2022,McKinsey,2022(n=2,160;sampled to match US general population 18 years).25 Ibid.26 Ibid.27 Ibid.21The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveAcross the board,the categories that see the largest influence from social media are appearance related,such as fitness and wellness services,skin care and makeup,and accessories and jewelry.However,among Latinos,influence from social media in consumer electronics and home decoration is felt significantly more strongly than in the overall population,with a 24 and 19 percentage point difference,respectively,in the percentage of respondents who were influenced by social media in purchases in these categories.28Latino consumers are also much more likely to be influenced by brands and celebrities posts on social media,and documentaries,compared to non-Latinos.Half of Latino consumers said they were inspired to purchase by these sources,compared to a quarter of non-Latinos.29 Latino consumers are feeling the inflationary pinch The COVID-19 pandemic hit Latinos hard and inflation is compounding the impact.In response,almost 80 percent of Latinos are taking action to manage their expenses due to inflationary pressures,compared to two-thirds of non-Latino consumers.30 This may include reducing savings,increasing credit card balances,taking on more hours at work or a second job,and skipping bills or paying less than the minimum due.Latinos pre-existing price-conscious behavior has been exacerbated by high inflation.A fifth are planning to cut back on spending,compared to 14 percent of non-Latino Whites,while 82 percent are trading down across categories,compared to 74 percent of non-Latinos.31 This includes adjusting the quantity or pack sizes purchased,delaying purchases,switching to a cheaper brand,and taking on more debt by usingbuy-now,pay-laterservices(a strategy that is more prevalent among Latinos than the general population by 11 percentage points).Overall consumption is expected to fall across the board,with Latinos cutting back more than non-Latino Whites.Total consumption is predicted to drop by 7 percent among Latinos,compared to only 1 percent in non-Latino Whites.32 The fall in Latino spending could account for an aggregate loss of$80 billion,close to the expected effect of reduced consumption among non-Latino Whites,at$100 billionthis despite non-Latino Whites having six times the aggregate consumption of Latinos.Non-essential categories will be particularly hard hit,even after sustaining a drop in spending due to COVID-19.Although overall spending,which dipped in 2020,has now mainly returned to 2019 levels,essential goods account for a larger share than previously.Going forward,Latinos are predicted to reduce their spending at three times the rate of the general population for essential categories,and five times for non-essentials.33 They are likely to pull back on non-essential spending by 10 percent but will only drop spending by 3 percent for essentials.34 To reduce their spending,consumers across the board are responding to inflation by choosing private brands across categories.Overall,48 percent of customers who noticed inflation changed brands,and,of this,the switch was to private brands 38 percent of the time.Latinos reflect this general trend,with 47 percent switching brands and 36 percent switching to private brands.28 Ibid.29Future of food survey 2022,McKinsey,December 2021.30Consumer pulse survey:June 7 to October 7,2022,McKinsey,2022.31 Ibid.32Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).33 Housing,food and beverages at home,and healthcare are considered to be essential products or services.34 Consumer survey,McKinsey,August 2022(n=4,400).22The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveMore vulnerable cohorts are likely to be badly affected by inflation(Exhibit 6).Latinos with less acculturation,a low household income level,and those with little formal education are expected to reduce their consumption by around five percentage points more than the average for Latinos.First-generation Latino immigrants are also expected to be hard hit,reducing their consumption by an extra three percentage points.And gender is a significant factorwomen are likely to reduce their consumption by a further three percentage points.Exhibit 6Inflation will hit vulnerable Latinos particularly hardWhites,non-LatinoLatinos1pp reduction in consumption than average LatinoAverage expected change in Latino consumption due to InfationInfation will hit vulnerable Latinos particularly hard.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)5 pp diference 10pp diference 26The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thriveExhibit 2Price and poor value dissuade Latinos from purchasing in beauty and personal care.Price and poor value dissuade Latinos from purchasing in Beauty and Personal Top reasons for Latinos not purchasing products,ach percentage is out of 100%,as question asks binary yes or no whether reason is tied to dissatisfaction.Source:McKinsey consumer survey,August 2022(n=4,400)5%4%7%6ordabilityVarietyNot meeting need of racial/ethnic groupMany products/services are not high qualityConvenienceFeaturesDont support the environmentNot animal friendly23%7%7%2%5%9%5%3%4%1%4%1%7%4$%5%5%3%1%4%3%5%9%4%1%8%3%2%7%1%3%1%7%2%4%1%4%2%4%10%7%4%3%6%3%4%2%7%3%2%4%2%2%3%2%WhiteLatino5 pp diference 10pp diference Face skin careHair careMakeupFragrance27The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thrive28The economic state of Latinos in the US:Determined to thrive3.Poised for success:Latinos at work,in business,and in wealth creationLatinos play a significant role in the US economy as workers,business owners,consumers,and savers or investors.However,they face many barriers to advancing,whether on an individual or business front,and would benefit from interventions to overcome these obstacles.The private sector can also play an important role as Latinos seek to reach their full potential.Latino workers:A key pillar in the US workforceOne in every five workers in the US is Latino,and the number is growing rapidly.They earn 12 percent of wages and represent 18 percent of the workforce,making Latino workers a key pillar in the US economy.Although the COVID-19 pandemic impacted them disproportionately and Latinos are feeling the effects of elevated US inflation acutely,Latinos workforce share could increase to 23 percent in 2030.36The Latino workforce has progressed over the past decade,increasing its share in higher-paying occupations by five percentage points.Yet Latinos still face steep barriers to mobility,including wage disparity,implicit biases,discrimination,and lack of additional training opportunitiesall of which hinder Latinos from reaching their full potential.And,compared to non-Latino Whites,Latinos are primarily concentrated in low-wage occupations and are paid less than non-Latino White workers within the same occupations.Overcoming these barriers could boost their annual income by more than$281 billion,enhancing their well-being and the health of the overall US economy.37Most are born in the USAand are of prime working ageThe majority of the Latino workforce was born in the US and over 60 percent are of Mexican origin.Altogether,43 percent of Latino workers are younger than 25 years old,compared to 32 percent of the overall US population,and 69 percent are between the prime working ages of 25 and 54,compared to 64 percent of overall.38 36 Current population survey,employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population,US Bureau of Labour Statistics. Web142 likes, 1 comments - Daily Mirror (@dailymirrorlk) on Instagram: "Railways General Manager Dilantha Fernando requested the public not to use the railway services f" Alternatively, Sri Lanka Railways operates a train from Puttalam to Maradana 3 times a day. 5500 Drive 1h 35m Drive from Kurunegala to Puttalam 87.9 km Rs. Liyanagemulla railway station Distance from Fort station : 30.1 km WebArrival to COLOMBO FORT: 11:55:00: Departure Time: 11:55:00: Arrival to CHILAW : 14:37:00: End Station: NOORANAGAR: Arrival to NOORANAGAR : 15:59:00: Train Type: COLOMBO Contact phone Number : 032-2222271 Trains WebPuttalam: 07:49: Normal (A) Colombo Fort: 04:00: Noor Nagar: 08:27: Normal (A) Colombo Fort: 07:35: Puttalam: 12:10: Normal (A) Colombo Fort: 11:30: Noor Nagar: Alawatupitiya railway station 260 - Rs. Colombo Fort. (2018) RSPO Traldi(2021 ) 45 VSS 47% 47%6%DeFries et al. Distance from Fort station : 132.2 km The route goes through Kegalla, Galigamuwa, Kotiyakumbura and Karawanella. PUTTALAM Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe on Monday said he is keen on settling the ethnic conflict with the minority Tamil community by the end of this year as he emphasised that the cash-strapped country could only move forward with the IMF bailout if this long-pending issue is resolved. (Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by age and sex. Please enter your username or email address to reset your password. Political parties and unions have planned to celebrate the 137th Labour Day this year with rallies and meetings in Colombo Kolonnawa Coroner Kanchana Wijenayake said that two persons died in two days due to COVID-19. (Highway A2). Goes through Avissawella, Kitulgala and Ginigathhena. 4500 - Rs. Train operators. Prologue, partie 2 : les progrs accomplis dans la ralisation de Produced by Lake House. Page not found Instagram Tummodara railway station Trains (2022).2022..1 .221 N .73 .1542015-2020.2252030 .306 .401 .432 .443 .452 1 Annual Report|20231 320201 N120192 140(1)(2)(3) 2015-2020 (4)(5)1032020CO26GDP17372015-20204GDP 820221231272021-20252022 123120211 234522 CEADshttps:/ 3 iGDPCO24 GDPiGDP2020iGDPCO24 44916%14%10%11%22%()1600GW2030202521232 17 182060EPS51 N203020302060 30 31 32iGDP2020-202265 EPShttps:/china-igdp.energypolicy.solutions/20216 . Tickets cost Rs. The tourist train service Seethawaka Odyssey, which was only operational on Sundays, will also be available on Saturdays due to the increasing demand, Additional General Manager, Operations, V.S. Distance from Fort station : 54.3 km Bolawatte railway station The passes major cities such as Wellawaya, Bandarawela, welimada and Nuwaraeliya. Peralanda railway station Railway Stations in Puttalam Line and Time Table - Sri Lanka Travel Sawarana railway station (2022)..()..45 1.iGDP2.GDP3.31-334.203020605.GDPiGDPGDP6.EnergyPolicySimulator,EPSEPSEIEnergy Innovation LLCEPSEPS7.Five-YearPlan,FYP8.9.10.NationallyDeterminedContribution,NDC11.12.1 NEPSiGDP31-3313.2345214.RenewableEnergy,RE:15.BAUEPS202031-3316.17.iGDP3 Annual Report|20231 4618.iGDP19.iGDP47 China Carbon Neutrality Tracker,IGDP 17-1-51::86-10-8532-3096:86-10-8532 2632, 21.1.1 1 Battery Energy Storage SystemBESS/BABMSPCSMGCCEMS31.1.2 2 41.1.2 2 51.1.2 2 6NCMLFP111250 mAh g-1170 mAh g-1160-170 mAh g-1110-165 mAh g-13.6 V3.2 V3.0-4.3 V2.8-3.65 V249 Wh/kg135 Wh/kg300050001.1.22020010002.8002.3.200-300 1.1.82.3.71.1.3 3 Battery Energy Storage SystemBESSBattery CellBattery Module/Pack/Battery Rack/ClusterBattery Collection Panel,BCP,(Power Conversion System,PCS):(Battery management system,BMS)(Energy management system,EMS)HVAC:QG18Battery CellBattery Module/Pack/Battery Rack/Cluster91.1.3 3 Battery Collection Panel,BCP,(Power Conversion System,PCS):(Battery managementsystem,BMS)HVAC:101.1.3 3 QAhAx hAh96Ah96A1WhWh=VAh 3.2 V/96Ah307.2Wh412.8V96Ah4C-RateA/AhC(C-rate)0.5C1C111.1.3 3 State of chargeSOC,01,10Depth of dischargeDOD80DOD80End of lifeEOLEOL 80%80%BOLBeginning of Life121.1.3 3 Guaranteed power capacityGPC:Round-trip EfficiencyRTEACACCycle life80%(80%)131.1.3 3 Self-discharge%/141.1.4 4 CATL15BYD16171819CATL20CATL21BYD22BYD232425262728291.1.4 4 30311.1.5 5 BMSSCUSystem Site Control UnitBSUBattery Stack Control UnitBCUBattery Cluster Control UnitBMUBattery Module Monitoring UnitSOCBMSEMS321.1.5 5 331.1.6 6 341.1.6 6 351.1.6 6 361.1.6 6 371.1.6 6 381.1.6 6 391.1.6 6 401.1.7 7 HVACHVAC 411.1.7 7 HVACHVAC421.1.8 8 50MWh45431.1.8 8 18-25 9125 2245255607603440%SOC(40%SOC)ESS storage degradation45For 28 days 1.465For 28 days 0.72%For 28 days 0.42D1.1.8 8 451.1.8 8 461.1.9 9 1GPCGPC471.1.9 9 2RTERated Capacity x DoD x Group Effeciency/PCS losses/MV transformer losses/Cable losses/Measurement error Auxiliary consumptionMWx Charging hours=Charging capacityRated Capacity x DoD x Group Effeciency x PCS losses x MV transformer losses x Cable losses x Measurement error-Auxiliary consumptionMWx Discharging hours=Dischargingcapacity RTE=Discharging/Charging 85%481.1.9 9 3 Auxiliary Consumption during Standby PCSMV491.1.9 9 4:365155475550015 550055051525354551.Cycle/3Cycle/2Cycle/2.50%SOC3.1C4.15.106.7.100kWHMWH1.02.50%SOC3.1C2C2C1C4.155.100ms6.1.27.100kWHMWH56575859 60612019262201911GW/22GWh20501,676GW/5,827GWh6620205018%205036%205070%6364 4370/kWh0.5633/kWhPCSPCS200182155148130113955850464239373520202020202020201816151413121298270237225203183162050100150200250300350050100150200250300350201920202021PCS2022202320242025USD/kWh1h1CEMS#REF!270245220195171146121961381351311251191101039960606060606060602726262523213820371946454543424054151148244841537734231101002003004005006000100200300400500600201820192020PCS202120222023EMS20242025USD/kWh0.5h2C65202051C245.1USD/kW270 USD/kW203.9 USD/kW1h1C200182155148130113955850464239373520202020202020201816151413122982702372252031831620501001502002503003500501001502002503003502019202020212022USD/kWh20232024EMS2025PCS/whUSD/kWh/whUSD/kWh20MW/20MWh1.59237.31.84274.610MW/10MWh1.31195.51.61240.35MW/5MWh1.15171.61.36203.05MW/5MWh1.44214.91.75261.25MW/5MWh1.34200.01.65246.3203.9245.166Battery PCS MV Cable 1C0.5C0.25CEPC110120 USD/kWh16017070 80 USD/kW180200 USD/kWh145160 USD/kWh127140 USD/kWh/0.70.75;/0.80.85USD/kW) PCS106.79 /PCS117.88 PCS126.31 PCS125.00 PCS118.0767End.Thanks68, 20232 CONTENT1.1 1.1 ,1.2 1503003.757.510% 49I%27% 16%87.5%12.5%1.3 1.4 1.5 50-7030%301.6 ,,..,2022,37(4):423-434.2.1 0.78821.01961.02361.0921.18621.21861.32461.38291.80242.35352.35942.46532.60622.9278653.19013.44233.84654.10364.37776.482401234567GDP/BPIMP20219 GDP1.5 201420%2019202020212022202320242025,%7.17.77.37.06.86.66.5,8.637.837.336.936.436.035.5,T.354.555.456.156.857.458.020197.139.053.920207.737.854.52.2 202152.45.2%202156.0%0.925.5%1.22.2 WDI20202005-2018GDP 2005201814532 200514719 18720203.755182.2 2.2 --- 2.3 ,201940.6%203048.6%201941.6%30%60%20%(2019) 203080%2.4 85%GDP60%80 %50%80% ---- 2.5 ---- GDP2.5 2.5 2021.10.2.6 3.2% 3.2. 3.6.4.1.5.8.7.3.1 --- CCUSSMR, 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 //CCUSclimate watch3.2 -20603.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 -3.4 PLA3.4 3.5 4020059605001.788902020600016001.78284820196300189032%31%25 11-2019tCO2/ttCO2/ttCO2/ttCO2/t0.282.2-2.72.400.020.60.62 1.781 Plastic Recycling:Challenges and Opportunities.3.5 ////= 70-80%79-99%-3.5 3.6 2021DACSBECCS3.6 20213.6 CCUS 300600 /t CO2180730 /t CO2120 /t CO280/t20213.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 CCERESG 3.8 010203044.1 4.2 (CCS) 2 2025 40 t 2030 2050 3 t 92%2030205025s%2050 2040 4.2 2 20507.13tce20208%3.06202069%60%7.942 20504.02tce202022%5.5202044%25%17.572 205016.5tce202024%12202068%58.2%2.66()4.3 1 N N202232220223232021-2035 20221242022232022 20211232022120 20222112022328 2022412 2022412 20211021 20223120223112022630 2022713 2022624 2021701202242 20226242022-20302021123120222212022572022315202220225312022531 20304.3 ;;.?;;?;;4.4 100No.100 Guangqi Road,New District,Suzhou 215163www.TSINGHUA-RIET.com, 2022 100 20202 23 3 3 3 -2-.-1-.-4-.-4-.-6-.-9-.-10-.-11-.-11-.-12-.-15-.-15-.-15-.-18-.-23-.-27-100 .-34-100 .-34-100 .-34-.-37-.-40-.-43-.-46-.-48-100 .-52-100 .-60-100 .-72-2021-2022 .-72-2017-2022 .-74-100 .-82-.-82-.-83-.-83-.-84-.-85-.-86-.-87-.-88-.-90-3- 1100 .-90- 2.-93- 3.-97- 4.-101- 5.-109-1-2022 2022 2022 12 2022 2022 1.0 32.8% 2021 25.5% 20172019 59.5%439733 2021 0.2%24538 1.8% 0.2%-2-2022 3 20222035 2022 12 16 2022 44 12 27.2%2021 2.7 -3- 2017 2017 50 2018 70 2019 -2021 100 2017 71.75 2018 73.68 2021 80.59 100 -4- 2022 100 2022 10 2022 10 12 2021 2022 3 16 25 3 -5-2022 1 1 2022 0.1320.04470.022350.022350.05180.01830.01570.01780.03550.03550.63750.07870.0390.03970.07460.07460.07210.03780.03430.07120.03560.03560.05290.05290.06790.06790.06420.06420.06360.06360.04730.04730.0450.0450.23050.06960.02190.02350.02420.07380.03740.03640.08710.0871-6-2022 100 274 5 64 2021 2022 100 2022 6 619301930 2 2 2022 113872904346524563565565887521-7-385599527103531115051250213370414513155011635241752918516193714205172151022158723783624564255742654927743285372953830786731524325203353934542355353656937359638512395564035394153642565433589446364553946638-8-7477304858449520505575150952592533712545065560556395857539585315935876053461516625148463121364538656206665267356068507695427035157154272559731104743126875535765007735107858879548803621815538252583355384521-9-855408638278751988531893559905179151698350093523945029535389654297540983554995141005186193061930100 111 /-10- 111 1609816098 2413824138 216921694 4 IP -11-1. 6 2. 1 3. 15 70 2022 10 2022 12 30 100 78 1.-12-2. 20%3.4. 30% 50%Cronbachs Alpha 0.961-13- 3 0.9Excellent0.9 0.8Good0.8 0.7Acceptable0.7 0.6Questionable0.6 0.5Poor0.5 Unacceptable KMOKaiser-Meyer-Olkin BartlettKMO 1 Kaiser KMO Bartlett 4 KMO Bartlett KMO 0.90.80.90.70.80.60.70.50.6 0.5Bartlett Sig.0.05-14-KMO 0.972 Bartlett Sig.0.05 5 KMO Bartlett Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin .972Bartlett 140683.115df300Sig.000-15- 100 2022 100 2022 100 78.8178.81 2.21% 2020 2017 2022 12017-2022 3 80.54 -16- 77.53 78.923 80 2017 -2022 2022 80.54 78.92 77.53 2022 2.52 2022 1.60 2022 1.39 2022 2017-2021 2017 8.10 2021 1.88 2022 3 2022 3 -17-2022 4 12315 12345 2022 16 -18- 2 2017-2022 16 2022 2021 2022 82.29 75.89 6.40 5 2 3 5 1 2 -19- 2 3 2022 16 82 1 82.29 80 -82 3 81.24 81.22 80.04 77 -80 9 79.93 79.8379.38 79.2779.03 78.4677.95 77.8777.12 77 3 76.91 76.84 75.89 -20- 3 2022 2017-20222017-2022 15.43 26.51 24.5518.75 12.04 6.40 2017 64.68 2020 73.30 70 2021 74.93 2022 75.89 2022 2021 2.94 16 12 -21-2022 -5.75 -2-4.07 -5 -3.91-6 -3.45 -2 4 -22- 4 2017-2022 2022 -23- 25 2022 25 82 3 83.37 82.86 82.29 80 -82 5 81.22 80.8080.46 80.2080.04 77 -80 14 79.83 79.6879.66 79.4279.27 79.11 79.05 78.46 78.41 78.00 77.89 77.87 -24-77.51 77.12 77 3 76.91 76.19 75.89 5 2022 2017-2022 2022 83.37 75.89 7.48 2017-2021 18.00 29.44 26.63 20.88 12.03 2022 25 5 -25- 2.94 2022 20 2021 25 2020 21 2017 2018 15 2020 2021 11 2022 3 2021 2 -2.15 2022 0.63 6 2017 17 2021 2022 5 2022 2020 1.452021 4.70 2022 0.81 2021 6 9 2022 1 -26- 62017-2022 2022 -27- 2022 25 25 11 1.1. 2 2.2. 6 61930 15248 24.6%52.9%43.9%39.3%36.6%30.6%5 30%12.8%-28-8.8%5.8%5.2% 0.6%-7.1%-7.1%-6.8%-6.6%-5.7% 5 5% 7%3.3. 11 -29-38.6%35.3%32.5% 3 30%27.2%26.2% 2 20%17.7%16.3%15.8%15.4%14.1%10.1% 6 10%7.6%6.8%6.7%6.4%5.8%5.6%5.5%5.3% 8 10%-30- 8% 22983 37.1% 2021 47.0%1014.5%22.5% 8 61.6%50.7%25.6%5.2%2.8%-31- 9%52.4%46.8%42.2%27.8% 25%14.6%12.2%8.7% 10%-32-4.4. 6 2021 6 2021 2022 6 2021 10 45 3 20212022 -33-34-100100100100 2022 100 78.81 91.81 70.19 21.62 39 10 91.81 90.40 89.74 89.17 88.85 88.15 88.13 84.45 84.42 83.54 9 10 10 72.48 72.10 71.96 71.79 71.66 71.52 71.3570.81 70.67 70.19 10 6 3 1 -35-36- 12100 112 79.669 79.665 76.240 76.238-37- 4 20 12 80 14 3 3 6 4 191.811181.69290.401280.03389.741379.85488.851479.67584.421575.99683.021675.70782.861774.64882.131874.28982.111974.181081.892073.40242918 80 21 3 3 7 2 -4 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92.23 71.05 21.18 TOP20 29 TOP20 192.23292.02391.73489.74589.35689.20788.81887.55987.061085.781185.631285.031384.851484.751584.501684.461784.331884.121984.052083.94-53-2.2. 78.92 43 7 85 91.54 70.37 21.17 TOP20 30 TOP20 191.54290.10389.49489.14588.66688.25787.60884.44983.801083.761183.221283.151383.081482.70-54-1582.591682.501782.411882.281981.962081.893.3. 77.53 38 9 85 92.31 60.92 31.39 TOP20 31 TOP20 192.31290.29389.47489.28589.09688.76787.20886.53-55-985.421084.531184.361283.531383.231483.121582.861682.831782.051882.011981.622080.574.4.100 70 18 12 -56- 13100 -57- 32 100 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100 100 100 22 6.22 6 2 3.88 3.39 2.81 2.40 2.13 2.11 78 8.43 6 6 -6.20 -6.24 -6.48 -6.77 -6.85 -7.57 2022 -73- 14 2021-2022 100 -74-2017-20222017-20221.2017-2021 2022 2017 66 75 2019 70 82 2021 77 85 2022 85.70 0.9984.42 0.9483.34 0.75 8 80 72.96-5.1073.37 -4.3774.21-4.30 7 75 -75- 15 2017201920212022 -76-2.50 2017-2022 6 6 50 8 9 33 -77- 16 2017-2022 50 -78-3.70 2018-2022 5 5 70 11 6 8 22 40 -79- 17 2018-2022 70 -80-4.100 2019-2022 4 4 100 14 5 11 53 33 -81- 18 2019-2022 100 -82-10048.1%30.9%21.0% 2021 6.7 3.7 6.1 19 -83-38.9%21.5% 2021 10.4 23.4%20215.3 16.3% 2021 6.2 20 100 76.49 6.38 2022 -84-2022 2022 100 2022 100 78.81 2017 2021 71.75 73.68 77.0279.32 80.59 2022 2020 2021 2022 2021 1.78 -85-2022 2022 44 -86-2022 CPI 2.0% 2021 1.1 2021 1.4% 2.8% 11.2% 2021 2.9 15%-87- 2022 -88- 2022 -89--90-1100()1218914867.7213733769.8311202392.547702143.259411276.069201490.575391873.98310760.99473825.8103501104.7112721061.112217608.3139123985.1147431909.715333774.7169092219.217355527.818219241.8199892380.320407341.121275742.622248918079.3239427899.4247483306.1259034038.0265352911.42712859031.3287733935.5296712684.33012206744.0319544649.1329653807.7335522275.0345342477.0357122881.9366662605.6-91-()379475111.7383671973.0398172229.6408424549.4415282584.1428855819.7436442878.7448981987.7456441448.9469345126.14710265975.4484711308.9497083232.3509402781.5518342459.65211022931.15312745389.2547072291.2559632196.35613656795.0573911800.8585271966.15910245111.6606621812.8615041807.962188110122.66317689498.1645531503.8659613556.76610543740.1678832364.2684181332.369495942.6702911057.071106545.27297114.973321213967.77421199251.8754881652.2765561448.7-92-()776102546.7786591293.179684467.4808503386.4815701102.582224862.48387399.38480153.0853672.98613164963.487328922.688463684.6894381757.790296296.291216198.092247621.193136130.4944785.795288788.79675106.897139182.4984071171.99949113.310067117.8 2021 2021 -93-21234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738-94-39404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778-95-798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100-96- 2014 50 20 50 20 50 100 100 500 300 500 100 300 500 1,000 1,000 6 -97-31234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435-98-36373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172-99-737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100-100--101-41.1. 100 4 2 -4 1 -2 1 2022 4 81.85 2021 1 3.82 2019 1 5 2.2. 2014 -102-2022 81.88 81.20 2021 4.09 2 5 3.3.2022 83.72 81.50 78.73 77.96 2021 -103- 3 5 4.4.2022 81.66 76.55 76.19 2021 3 4 5 5.5.2022 82.26 79.20 -104-2021 3.98 5 5 6.6.2022 72 9 80 85.70 72.96 12.73 3 85.7084.42 83.34 3 74.21 73.3772.96 2021 7 -105-106- 6 5 -107-1.1.2022 79.01 78.62 5 2021 7 5 2.2. 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-70 2022 15-24 79.09 55-70 78.45 2021 -108- 8 5 3.3. 4 3000 3000-5000 5000-8000 8000 2022 8000 79.60 2021 9 5 -109-570.3%29.7% 67.2% 61.4% 60.7% 40%43.7% 43.5% 10 -110- 37.5% 20% 37.0%27.3%23.2% 20.5% 11 -111- 100 , 15 1941612030,000202053 CDP KOL///oneID-ABTest ABTest60%1500 /Campaign 36%Always on // - 15, 2022 2023 ()United Nations Publications 405 East 42nd Street,New York,New York 10017 United States of America publicationsun.org https:/shop.un.org/UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2022/8 eISBN:978-92-1-002279-8 Axel Marx Charline Depoorter Santiago Fernandez de Cordoba Niematallah E.A.Elamin edX Ralf Peters Alessandro Nicita()Jenifer Tacardon-Mercado()iii.iii.1 .5A..6B..6C..71.().82.().93..104..105..11D..11 .13A..14B..161..172..19C..20D..21 .23A..241..252..263..27B.VSS.281..30 .33A..34B..35C..36D..361..37.38.39v1..261.VSS.32.VSS1942-2022.73.19902010VSS.84.VSS.125.VSS.146.VSS.157..178..219.VSS.2410.VSS(VSSVSS).2811.20082020.3012.VSS.3113.VSS.34vi1990 2021 28.5 (UNCTAD,2022)(Hoekman,2014)(Hoekman,2014) 70%(OECD,2020)(UNCTAD,2021a)(Irwin,2020)2030 (2030) (UNCTAD,2021bWTO,2018WTO,2022)(Vogel,2005) Bradford(2020)(Deere Birkbeck,2021)(UNCTAD,2019)( VSS)(UNFSS,2013:3) VSS VSS /VSS (Auld et al.2008aEstrella et al.2022) VSS (Grassnick and Brmmer,2021Guan and Ip Ping Sheong,2019) VSS 1 VSS 2VSS VSS VSS Ponte(2019) VSS 1VSS . VSS 3VSSElaminFernandez de Cordoba(2020)VSS9 VSS VSS Grassnick and Brmmer(2021)UTZ Guan et al.
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